Saturday, November 30, 2019

The 1st Stasimon in Sophocles play Oedipus the King is mainly showing the Chorus Essay Example For Students

The 1st Stasimon in Sophocles play Oedipus the King is mainly showing the Chorus Essay The 1st Stasimon in Sophocles play Oedipus the King is mainly showing the Chorus confusion in regards to Tiresias accusations made towards Oedipus. The Chorus seem terrified and powerless, and, like Oedipus, do not want to believe the accusations. They feel that the gods know the truth, yet will not reveal it, thus feeling as though the gods are of no real help. There are many issues and techniques to be discussed in regards to the 1st Stasimon, one of these being the significance of the section. The real significance of the 1st Stasimon is that it shows the reader how much of a respected role model Oedipus is to the community of Thebes; they will not accuse him until true proof has been revealed about the incident. This can be shown from the third quote in the 1st Stasimon handout. It reads: No, not till I see these charges proved will I side with his accusers. This shows that the Chorus considers Oedipus to be a true leader, and hence will follow him regardless. We will write a custom essay on The 1st Stasimon in Sophocles play Oedipus the King is mainly showing the Chorus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another factor of significance in the first stasimon is that it shows the audience how the Chorus believes that Oedipus was brought to Thebes for a reason; this being to bring joy back into the city. The fourth quote in the handout is a good example of this: We saw him thenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦with our own eyes his skill, his brilliant triumph à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" there was the test à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" he was the joy of Thebes! Through this quote we can see admiration shown towards Oedipus due to his defeat against the Sphinx, and ridding the city from the curse. This brought joy back into the city, and turned Oedipus into a hero. Another issue raised in the 1st Stasimon was gender representation. Gender representation played a minor role in the First Stasimon. In this section, all well respected people or gods were men; the only woman mentioned in the text was the Sphinx, whom was rather referred to as the she-hawk. This can be seen in quote 7 in the 1st Stasimon handout. Hawks are considered to be evil birds, and are often in some texts considered to be possessed by the Devil, which shows that the Sphinx was not respected whatsoever, and was considered evil. Also, when the Chorus was trying to solve the question of who killed Laius, they basically ruled out the thought that the killer could be a woman. This can be seen in quote 6, which reads: Who is the man the voice of god denounces? This shows that nobody believes that a woman could ever have killed Laius, perhaps because physical strength would have been needed, and women were not expected to carry any physical strength. Had the chorus had thought that a woman may have killed Laius, they probably would have asked who is the person the voice of god denounces? The issue of Inequality of Power was also raised in the 1st Stasimon. The great gods were considered to have the highest level of power, Oedipus being next, and the prophets and seers being the lowest of powers along with the Chorus. This can be seen in quote 8 on the 1st Stasimon handout, when the Chorus was trying to prove that Tiresias could not know the real truth. Quote 8 reads: Zeus and Apollo know, they know, the great masters of all the dark and depth of human life. But whether a mere man can know the truth, whether a seer can fathom more than I This shows that the Chorus feels as though seers have the same power as the chorus, and therefore would know no better. However, they also see the gods to be of high power, and so would believe anything they say. The chorus sees Oedipus to be of higher power than them, as they call him their king. This can be seen through quote 9 on the handout, which reads Never will I convict my king, never in my heart. Another issue to be discussed in the 1st Stasimon is Accusation, Distrust and Denial. The whole Stasimon is based around the one main accusation; this being the accusation made towards Oedipus by Tiresias. The chorus is unsure of whether to believe the accusation, or to follow their king, which brings the issue of distrust into the text. The Chorus are unsure as to whether they can trust what the prophet has said to them, as they cannot see how a murder could be brought between Laius and the son of Polybus as they know Oedipus to be. This can be seen through a number of quotes within the 1st Stasimon, two of these being quotes 10 and 11 on the handout given. Quote 10 reads: The skilled prophet scans the birds and shatters me with terror! I cant accept him, cant deny him, dont know what to say. This explains how the prophet has searched for the murderer of Laius, and has found the person to be Oedipus, which shatters the Chorus with terror. The Chorus do not want to accept the prophets findings, yet cannot ignore them, and so are unsure of whether Oedipus did in fact murder Laius. Quote 11 reads: and what could breed a blood feud between Laius house and the son of Polybus? This shows that the Chorus cannot see what conflict between Laius and Polybus could have ever brought upon a murder such as this, and so are once again unsure as to whether they should believe the prophets words. .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 , .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .postImageUrl , .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 , .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092:hover , .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092:visited , .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092:active { border:0!important; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092:active , .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Great Expectations By Charles Dickens Essay ThesisThe issue of Denial is brought into the first stasimon when the Chorus comes to the conclusion that they should follow their king, as they see him as a well-respected role model. Hence they wish to deny the accusations, and try to ignore the bad that has been brought upon their king. This can be shown from quote #13 on the handout, which reads: Never will I convict my king, never in my heart. This basically shows that they will never turn upon Oedipus, and hence will deny all accusations turned to him. The role of beliefs is a very important issue in the 1st Stasimon. During the whole text of Oedipus the King, prophecies have always been trusted and acted upon, and never questioned. However, as the 1st Stasimon reads on, the Chorus starts to believe that what Tiresias accusation states may not be true. The Chorus hears of the prophecy about Oedipus, yet still says that they will never convict their king, which basically shows that they are turning away from the prophecy, and are instead suggesting that the role of power in Greek society is more important than prophecies. Because Oedipus is of high power, he is respected, and the prophecies made against him are ignored. Although the prophecies are not trusted, the great gods still remain important and well trusted. The Chorus believes that the gods know the truth as to who killed Laius, yet will not reveal it. Hence the gods are not thought of as helpful to the city as they were previously considered, yet are still considered to know the truth. This can be seen through quote 15 on the handout, which reads: Zeus and Apollo know, they know, the great masters of all the dark and depth of human life. This shows that the Chorus sees the gods as to know the dark and depth of all human life, yet still keep the truth hidden. Another issue discussed in the text is Elements of a Greek Tragedy. Three elements of a Greek Tragedy discussed in the 1st Stasimon are hamartia, peripeteia, and nemesis. The issue of hamartia was brought into the text, as the accusation made towards the protagonist brought a downfall of character. Oedipus was accused of killing his father, which in turn affected his loyalty and trust according to some characters. The Chorus can see the downfall of character, as described in quote 17 on the handout, which reads: The dark wings beating around him shrieking doom, the doom that never dies, the terrorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This shows that the Chorus can see evil catching up on Oedipus, and bringing doom to him, which will never end. Peripeteia is mentioned, as the Chorus can see Oedipus future changing. Oedipus has not yet been exiled from Thebes, yet the Chorus can see his luck and fame changing. This can be seen in quote 18 on the handout, which reads: to attack his fame that rings around Thebes. This shows that the Chorus can see something changing what the community thinks about Oedipus; the accusation will attack his fame that rings around Oedipus. Like the issue of peripeteia in the 1st Stasimon, the issue of nemesis has not yet been brought up, but the Chorus can see the gods falling down on Oedipus, and can see them changing his luck to bad. This can be seen through quote 19 on the handout, which reads: Apollo son of the Father lunges on him, lightning-bolts afire! The Chorus can see the anger within the gods, as they hunt down on the killer of Laius, whom is Oedipus. Another point of discussion within the 1st Stasimon is the attitudes portrayed by the Chorus towards Oedipus. The Chorus gives a very loving affect/attitude towards Oedipus. They seem as though to feel sympathetic towards him, and in their hearts hope that the accusations made towards Oedipus are not true. They also show a very loyal attitude to their king, as they say that they will never side with him until real proof has been shown about the incident. The Chorus also shows admiration towards Oedipus, when describing his defeat against the Sphinx, and saved the city of Thebes from its curse. Quotes 20, 21 and 22 on the handout relate to the attitude portrayed by the Chorus, in regards to Oedipus. Quote 20 reads: Never will I convict my king, never in my heart. This shows the loyal and loving affect given to Oedipus, as the Chorus do not want to leave his side, even though he is accused of murder. Quote 21 reads: No, not till I see these charges proved will I side with his accusers. This also shows loyalty and respect to Oedipus, as they are saying that they will not leave him until true proof has been revealed. Quote 22 reads: we saw him then, when the she-hawk swept against himà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦his skill, his brilliant triumphà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦he was the joy of Thebes! This shows the admiration shown towards Oedipus, as they admired his skill and triumph, and they basically said that he was the person who brought joy back into Thebes. Symbolism, metaphors and similes play a rather crucial role in the structure of the 1st Stasimon. The words chosen in the text help describe the occurrences, which give a deeper impact on the audience. .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 , .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .postImageUrl , .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 , .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53:hover , .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53:visited , .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53:active { border:0!important; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53:active , .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pointless characters to play EssayThe Chorus speech within the 1st Stasimon is full of images of caves, darkness, lightning, and wings. By reading these terms used, the audience is given an image of darkness, the unknown, and most significantly, terror of the gods. These terms were used as to show the bad occurrences that were to come of the killer of Laius, the anger of the gods to the murderer, and also gives a more mystified approached as to who actually killed Laius. An image of darkness can be shown in quote number 23, which reads: the dark wings beating around him shrieking doom, the doom that never dies, the terror. By reading the words dark, shrieking, doom, and terror, we are automatically given a bad feeling towards the quote, and we could sense that bad was going to come. Also, in quote 24, which reads: Apollo son of the father lunges on him, lightning-bolts afire! And the grim unerring Furies closing for the kill. , the words lunge, lightning-bolts, grim, and furies, give yet another deep impact on the audience, and we an automatically sense the anger within the gods, and can see the desperation to catch the killer of Laius. In quote 25, which reads: Now under bristling timber up through rocks and caves he stalks like the wild mountain bull, the words rocks, caves, stalks, wild and bull are used, which once again gives a negative impact on the audience. From these words the reader senses darkness and mystery, which gives a deep impact and further enhances the text. Metaphors and similes were used effectively when describing a variety of issues brought up in the text. A good example of this is quote 26 on the handout, which reads: when the she-hawk swept against him. By using the word she-hawk to describe the Sphinx, a bad image is instantly cast on the Sphinx, and the audience is led to think that she is evil. A good use of similes is also used when describing the killer hiding in mystery, in quote 27, which reads: Like a wild mountain bull. By the using the word wild we think of the killer being set as an outcast leaving society as to hide from the gods. Another technique to discuss in the 1st Stasimon, is diction. The diction used in the 1st Stasimon is very important. Its powerful tone and emotion emphasised the Chorus speech, enabling the Chorus to give a large impact on the audience. By using words such as darkness, doom and terror, the Chorus is able to give a dark and mysterious atmosphere to the play, whereas by using the words skill, brilliant, triumph, and joy, the Chorus sent a light and positive atmosphere to the audience. An example of powerful tone and emotion is quote 29 on the 1st Stasimon handout, which reads: beating around him shrieking doom, the doom that never dies, the terror. By using the words doom and terror there is a deep and dark impact on the audience, creating a very powerful atmosphere. The last technique to discuss relating to the first stasimon is structure and syntax. The structure of the 1st Stasimon has very little difference as to the rest of the play. Some minor differences in the first stasimon is the fact that there are no stage directions etc, but this is because there is only one part in the text; no characters move during the text. There are some minor roles of sentence structure within the first stasimon, these being the use of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, exclamation marks, and the use of short paragraphs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦s were used as they gave a sense of uncertainty in the text, and also shows that what the speaker is saying is not yet finished, however perhaps he/she does not know anything else to say. An example of this is quote 30 on the handout, which reads: I cannot see whats to come, whats still to comeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ By using the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ at the end of the speech, you can sense uncertainty in the chorus, as they are unsure as to what may happen next to Oedipus, they are uncertain about his future. Exclamation marks are used to create depth in the text, and to show excitement in the speakers voice. An example of this is quote 31 on the handout, which reads: he was the joy of Thebes! Through the use of the exclamation mark, you can see that the chorus is happy with what he had just spoken, as there is excitement in his words. Short paragraphs were used once again create depth. Through the use of short paragraphs, the facts are given and are to the point, which shows exactly what is needed to be said, without elaborating too much. An example of a short paragraph is quote 32 in the handout, which reads: Cased in armour, Apollo son of the Father lunges on him, lightning-bolts afire! and the grim unerring Furies closing for the kill. As you can see, this is a very short paragraph, however simply states the anger of the gods, and shows that they are searching for the killer of Laius. The main points are spoken and are to the point, without it being too overelaborated.

The 1st Stasimon in Sophocles play Oedipus the King is mainly showing the Chorus Essay Example For Students

The 1st Stasimon in Sophocles play Oedipus the King is mainly showing the Chorus Essay The 1st Stasimon in Sophocles play Oedipus the King is mainly showing the Chorus confusion in regards to Tiresias accusations made towards Oedipus. The Chorus seem terrified and powerless, and, like Oedipus, do not want to believe the accusations. They feel that the gods know the truth, yet will not reveal it, thus feeling as though the gods are of no real help. There are many issues and techniques to be discussed in regards to the 1st Stasimon, one of these being the significance of the section. The real significance of the 1st Stasimon is that it shows the reader how much of a respected role model Oedipus is to the community of Thebes; they will not accuse him until true proof has been revealed about the incident. This can be shown from the third quote in the 1st Stasimon handout. It reads: No, not till I see these charges proved will I side with his accusers. This shows that the Chorus considers Oedipus to be a true leader, and hence will follow him regardless. We will write a custom essay on The 1st Stasimon in Sophocles play Oedipus the King is mainly showing the Chorus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another factor of significance in the first stasimon is that it shows the audience how the Chorus believes that Oedipus was brought to Thebes for a reason; this being to bring joy back into the city. The fourth quote in the handout is a good example of this: We saw him thenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦with our own eyes his skill, his brilliant triumph à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" there was the test à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" he was the joy of Thebes! Through this quote we can see admiration shown towards Oedipus due to his defeat against the Sphinx, and ridding the city from the curse. This brought joy back into the city, and turned Oedipus into a hero. Another issue raised in the 1st Stasimon was gender representation. Gender representation played a minor role in the First Stasimon. In this section, all well respected people or gods were men; the only woman mentioned in the text was the Sphinx, whom was rather referred to as the she-hawk. This can be seen in quote 7 in the 1st Stasimon handout. Hawks are considered to be evil birds, and are often in some texts considered to be possessed by the Devil, which shows that the Sphinx was not respected whatsoever, and was considered evil. Also, when the Chorus was trying to solve the question of who killed Laius, they basically ruled out the thought that the killer could be a woman. This can be seen in quote 6, which reads: Who is the man the voice of god denounces? This shows that nobody believes that a woman could ever have killed Laius, perhaps because physical strength would have been needed, and women were not expected to carry any physical strength. Had the chorus had thought that a woman may have killed Laius, they probably would have asked who is the person the voice of god denounces? The issue of Inequality of Power was also raised in the 1st Stasimon. The great gods were considered to have the highest level of power, Oedipus being next, and the prophets and seers being the lowest of powers along with the Chorus. This can be seen in quote 8 on the 1st Stasimon handout, when the Chorus was trying to prove that Tiresias could not know the real truth. Quote 8 reads: Zeus and Apollo know, they know, the great masters of all the dark and depth of human life. But whether a mere man can know the truth, whether a seer can fathom more than I This shows that the Chorus feels as though seers have the same power as the chorus, and therefore would know no better. However, they also see the gods to be of high power, and so would believe anything they say. The chorus sees Oedipus to be of higher power than them, as they call him their king. This can be seen through quote 9 on the handout, which reads Never will I convict my king, never in my heart. Another issue to be discussed in the 1st Stasimon is Accusation, Distrust and Denial. The whole Stasimon is based around the one main accusation; this being the accusation made towards Oedipus by Tiresias. The chorus is unsure of whether to believe the accusation, or to follow their king, which brings the issue of distrust into the text. The Chorus are unsure as to whether they can trust what the prophet has said to them, as they cannot see how a murder could be brought between Laius and the son of Polybus as they know Oedipus to be. This can be seen through a number of quotes within the 1st Stasimon, two of these being quotes 10 and 11 on the handout given. Quote 10 reads: The skilled prophet scans the birds and shatters me with terror! I cant accept him, cant deny him, dont know what to say. This explains how the prophet has searched for the murderer of Laius, and has found the person to be Oedipus, which shatters the Chorus with terror. The Chorus do not want to accept the prophets findings, yet cannot ignore them, and so are unsure of whether Oedipus did in fact murder Laius. Quote 11 reads: and what could breed a blood feud between Laius house and the son of Polybus? This shows that the Chorus cannot see what conflict between Laius and Polybus could have ever brought upon a murder such as this, and so are once again unsure as to whether they should believe the prophets words. .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 , .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .postImageUrl , .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 , .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092:hover , .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092:visited , .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092:active { border:0!important; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092:active , .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092 .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b810b7c32778756c9e94c3116439092:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Great Expectations By Charles Dickens Essay ThesisThe issue of Denial is brought into the first stasimon when the Chorus comes to the conclusion that they should follow their king, as they see him as a well-respected role model. Hence they wish to deny the accusations, and try to ignore the bad that has been brought upon their king. This can be shown from quote #13 on the handout, which reads: Never will I convict my king, never in my heart. This basically shows that they will never turn upon Oedipus, and hence will deny all accusations turned to him. The role of beliefs is a very important issue in the 1st Stasimon. During the whole text of Oedipus the King, prophecies have always been trusted and acted upon, and never questioned. However, as the 1st Stasimon reads on, the Chorus starts to believe that what Tiresias accusation states may not be true. The Chorus hears of the prophecy about Oedipus, yet still says that they will never convict their king, which basically shows that they are turning away from the prophecy, and are instead suggesting that the role of power in Greek society is more important than prophecies. Because Oedipus is of high power, he is respected, and the prophecies made against him are ignored. Although the prophecies are not trusted, the great gods still remain important and well trusted. The Chorus believes that the gods know the truth as to who killed Laius, yet will not reveal it. Hence the gods are not thought of as helpful to the city as they were previously considered, yet are still considered to know the truth. This can be seen through quote 15 on the handout, which reads: Zeus and Apollo know, they know, the great masters of all the dark and depth of human life. This shows that the Chorus sees the gods as to know the dark and depth of all human life, yet still keep the truth hidden. Another issue discussed in the text is Elements of a Greek Tragedy. Three elements of a Greek Tragedy discussed in the 1st Stasimon are hamartia, peripeteia, and nemesis. The issue of hamartia was brought into the text, as the accusation made towards the protagonist brought a downfall of character. Oedipus was accused of killing his father, which in turn affected his loyalty and trust according to some characters. The Chorus can see the downfall of character, as described in quote 17 on the handout, which reads: The dark wings beating around him shrieking doom, the doom that never dies, the terrorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This shows that the Chorus can see evil catching up on Oedipus, and bringing doom to him, which will never end. Peripeteia is mentioned, as the Chorus can see Oedipus future changing. Oedipus has not yet been exiled from Thebes, yet the Chorus can see his luck and fame changing. This can be seen in quote 18 on the handout, which reads: to attack his fame that rings around Thebes. This shows that the Chorus can see something changing what the community thinks about Oedipus; the accusation will attack his fame that rings around Oedipus. Like the issue of peripeteia in the 1st Stasimon, the issue of nemesis has not yet been brought up, but the Chorus can see the gods falling down on Oedipus, and can see them changing his luck to bad. This can be seen through quote 19 on the handout, which reads: Apollo son of the Father lunges on him, lightning-bolts afire! The Chorus can see the anger within the gods, as they hunt down on the killer of Laius, whom is Oedipus. Another point of discussion within the 1st Stasimon is the attitudes portrayed by the Chorus towards Oedipus. The Chorus gives a very loving affect/attitude towards Oedipus. They seem as though to feel sympathetic towards him, and in their hearts hope that the accusations made towards Oedipus are not true. They also show a very loyal attitude to their king, as they say that they will never side with him until real proof has been shown about the incident. The Chorus also shows admiration towards Oedipus, when describing his defeat against the Sphinx, and saved the city of Thebes from its curse. Quotes 20, 21 and 22 on the handout relate to the attitude portrayed by the Chorus, in regards to Oedipus. Quote 20 reads: Never will I convict my king, never in my heart. This shows the loyal and loving affect given to Oedipus, as the Chorus do not want to leave his side, even though he is accused of murder. Quote 21 reads: No, not till I see these charges proved will I side with his accusers. This also shows loyalty and respect to Oedipus, as they are saying that they will not leave him until true proof has been revealed. Quote 22 reads: we saw him then, when the she-hawk swept against himà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦his skill, his brilliant triumphà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦he was the joy of Thebes! This shows the admiration shown towards Oedipus, as they admired his skill and triumph, and they basically said that he was the person who brought joy back into Thebes. Symbolism, metaphors and similes play a rather crucial role in the structure of the 1st Stasimon. The words chosen in the text help describe the occurrences, which give a deeper impact on the audience. .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 , .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .postImageUrl , .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 , .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53:hover , .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53:visited , .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53:active { border:0!important; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53:active , .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53 .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud5f62f92b72252afc0cbbd2fb36cec53:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pointless characters to play EssayThe Chorus speech within the 1st Stasimon is full of images of caves, darkness, lightning, and wings. By reading these terms used, the audience is given an image of darkness, the unknown, and most significantly, terror of the gods. These terms were used as to show the bad occurrences that were to come of the killer of Laius, the anger of the gods to the murderer, and also gives a more mystified approached as to who actually killed Laius. An image of darkness can be shown in quote number 23, which reads: the dark wings beating around him shrieking doom, the doom that never dies, the terror. By reading the words dark, shrieking, doom, and terror, we are automatically given a bad feeling towards the quote, and we could sense that bad was going to come. Also, in quote 24, which reads: Apollo son of the father lunges on him, lightning-bolts afire! And the grim unerring Furies closing for the kill. , the words lunge, lightning-bolts, grim, and furies, give yet another deep impact on the audience, and we an automatically sense the anger within the gods, and can see the desperation to catch the killer of Laius. In quote 25, which reads: Now under bristling timber up through rocks and caves he stalks like the wild mountain bull, the words rocks, caves, stalks, wild and bull are used, which once again gives a negative impact on the audience. From these words the reader senses darkness and mystery, which gives a deep impact and further enhances the text. Metaphors and similes were used effectively when describing a variety of issues brought up in the text. A good example of this is quote 26 on the handout, which reads: when the she-hawk swept against him. By using the word she-hawk to describe the Sphinx, a bad image is instantly cast on the Sphinx, and the audience is led to think that she is evil. A good use of similes is also used when describing the killer hiding in mystery, in quote 27, which reads: Like a wild mountain bull. By the using the word wild we think of the killer being set as an outcast leaving society as to hide from the gods. Another technique to discuss in the 1st Stasimon, is diction. The diction used in the 1st Stasimon is very important. Its powerful tone and emotion emphasised the Chorus speech, enabling the Chorus to give a large impact on the audience. By using words such as darkness, doom and terror, the Chorus is able to give a dark and mysterious atmosphere to the play, whereas by using the words skill, brilliant, triumph, and joy, the Chorus sent a light and positive atmosphere to the audience. An example of powerful tone and emotion is quote 29 on the 1st Stasimon handout, which reads: beating around him shrieking doom, the doom that never dies, the terror. By using the words doom and terror there is a deep and dark impact on the audience, creating a very powerful atmosphere. The last technique to discuss relating to the first stasimon is structure and syntax. The structure of the 1st Stasimon has very little difference as to the rest of the play. Some minor differences in the first stasimon is the fact that there are no stage directions etc, but this is because there is only one part in the text; no characters move during the text. There are some minor roles of sentence structure within the first stasimon, these being the use of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, exclamation marks, and the use of short paragraphs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦s were used as they gave a sense of uncertainty in the text, and also shows that what the speaker is saying is not yet finished, however perhaps he/she does not know anything else to say. An example of this is quote 30 on the handout, which reads: I cannot see whats to come, whats still to comeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ By using the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ at the end of the speech, you can sense uncertainty in the chorus, as they are unsure as to what may happen next to Oedipus, they are uncertain about his future. Exclamation marks are used to create depth in the text, and to show excitement in the speakers voice. An example of this is quote 31 on the handout, which reads: he was the joy of Thebes! Through the use of the exclamation mark, you can see that the chorus is happy with what he had just spoken, as there is excitement in his words. Short paragraphs were used once again create depth. Through the use of short paragraphs, the facts are given and are to the point, which shows exactly what is needed to be said, without elaborating too much. An example of a short paragraph is quote 32 in the handout, which reads: Cased in armour, Apollo son of the Father lunges on him, lightning-bolts afire! and the grim unerring Furies closing for the kill. As you can see, this is a very short paragraph, however simply states the anger of the gods, and shows that they are searching for the killer of Laius. The main points are spoken and are to the point, without it being too overelaborated.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Systemic Functional Grammar Essay Essay Example

Systemic Functional Grammar Essay Essay Example Systemic Functional Grammar Essay Essay Systemic Functional Grammar Essay Essay Systemic functional grammar ( SFG ) is a signifier of grammatical description originated by Michael Halliday. Michael Halliday ( born 13 April 1925 ) is a British linguist who developed the internationally influential systemic functional lingual theoretical account of linguistic communication. His grammatical descriptions go by the name of systemic functional grammar ( SFG ) . Halliday describes linguistic communication as a semiotic system. â€Å"not in the sense of a system of marks. but a systemic resource for meaning† . For Halliday. linguistic communication is a â€Å"meaning potential† ; by extension. he defines linguistics as the survey of â€Å"how people exchange significances by ‘languaging† . Halliday describes himself as a Renaissance man. significance that he has tried â€Å"to expression at linguistic communication from every possible vantage point† . and has described his work as â€Å"wander [ ing ] the main roads and bypaths of lang uage† . However. he has claimed that â€Å"to the extent that I favoured any one angle. it was the societal: linguistic communication as the animal and Godhead of human society† . Systematic functional grammar ( SFG ) is portion of a societal semiotic attack to linguistic communication called systemic functional linguistics. In these two footings. systemic refers to the position of linguistic communication as â€Å"a web of systems. or interconnected sets of options for doing meaning† ; functional refers to Halliday’s position that linguistic communication is as it is because of what it has evolved to make ( see Metafunction ) . Therefore. what he refers to as the multidimensional architecture of linguistic communication â€Å"reflects the multidimensional nature of human experience and interpersonal dealingss. † Harmonizing to Halliday ( 1985 ) . there are three major maps of Language. viz. : the ideational. the textual. and the interpersonal. The conceptional map is the usage of linguistic communication to show content and to pass on information. Where content is the focal point. the accent will be on reassigning information clearly and efficaciously so that it can be comprehended rapidly and easy. The conceptional map involves two chief systems. viz. : transitivity and ergativity. The other two maps of linguistic communication are the textual and the interpersonal. The textual map is the usage of linguistic communication to mean discourse. Here. linguistic communication becomes text. is related to itself and to its contexts of usage. including the preceding and following text. and the context of state of affairs. The textual can be classified into two constructions. viz. : thematic construction ( theme and rheme ) and Information construction ( NEW and GIVEN ) . The interpersonal map is the usage of linguistic communication to set up and keep societal dealingss. This map involves modes so that it is related to modus system. The system is signified by two chief elements. viz. : temper and residue. In this paper. nevertheless the authors will analyse about the transitivity. so merely about the transitivity that can be explained more item. Traditionally. transitivity is usually understood as the grammatical characteristic. which indicates if a verb takes a direct object ; and we know some of the footings: a. If the verb takes a direct object. so it is described as transitive. and B. It is called intransitive if it does non ; c. An extension of this construct is the ditransitive verb. which takes both a direct and an indirect object. . Halliday. nevertheless. found the new construct of transitivity. The new construct represents a farther development of the old construct. In Halliday’s construct in his Introduction to Functional Grammar. whether a verb takes or does non take a direct object is non a premier consideration. There are three constituents of what Halliday calls a â€Å"transitivity process† . viz. : a. The procedure itself. B. Participants in the procedure ; c. Fortunes associated with the procedure Then. Halliday divides the system of transitivity or procedure types into six procedures. viz. : stuff. mental. relational. behavioural. verbal. and experiential. One distinguishable facet of Systemic Functional Linguistics ( SFL ) is the analysis of clauses in footings of procedure types. Harmonizing to the theory. the grammar provides a figure of scheme for boxing information into a clause. For case. material clauses consist of an Actor. a Procedure and a Goal. while mental clauses contain a Sensor. a Procedure and a Phenomenon. Each of these schemas corresponds to a procedure type. Normally. six procedure types are identified: stuff. behavioral. verbal. mental. relational and experiential. Process type analysis was first described in Halliday ( 1976 ) . which stemmed from Halliday’s effort to develop the sort of grammar. which would back up instructors in learning linguistic communication. A Fuller. more evolved description was given in Introduction to Functional Grammar ( Halliday 1985. henceforth IFG ) . and its two ulterior editions. However. these texts proved excessively proficient for novices. and easier debuts were introduced. Harmonizing to Halliday ( 1985 ) . if we talk about grammar in English. there are three sorts of grammar. viz. : ‘theme is the grammar of discourse’ . and ‘mood is the grammar of address function’ . so ‘transitivity is the grammar of experience. ’ Halliday ( 1981 ) besides defines transitivity as ‘the grammar of the clause’ as ‘a structural unit’ for ‘expressing a peculiar scope of conceptional meanings’ . In the transitivity system. there are six types of procedure. viz. : stuff. mental. relational. verbal. experiential. and behavioural.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Saving Private Ryan Essay

Saving Private Ryan Essay Saving Private Ryan Essay Saving Private Ryan EssayThe first paragraph of a Saving Private Ryan essay should spell out the main purpose or thesis behind the essay. To do this you should familiarize yourself with the original source by:Reading in and around the textReading of literary reviewsBy watching the film a few times. Once you are familiar with the source, brainstorm before asking yourself the following questions and writing the outline of your essay:According to you is Saving Private Ryan all about exposing the ugly face of war-instead of glorifying it?Do you think there is a very real misrepresentation of life due to the fact that the role that women played in the war has been entirely ignored?Is the theme of Saving Private Ryan anti-war or anti-women?Your Saving Private Ryan essay should comment on the fact that this is a film in which Women appear, only very briefly, as mothers, wives, typists (Gans). In that sense does Saving Private Ryan give an accurate picture of the Second World War in whic h the pivotal role of women has long been recognized? (It is a well known fact that women took over the day to day running of the country at a time when most of the men were away at war)-so does Saving Private Ryan give a faulty view that implies that men were largely responsible for saving our country and that women had a very limited role to play as housewives and typists?Your Saving Private Ryan essay should also draw attention to the fact that Graham is trying to show us what the frontlines of war are really like; as he focuses on the slaughter and mayhem of the D-Day landing on Omaha Beach and we witness horrific scenes of a soldier picking up his own arm, an injured soldiers guts spilling out, or a legless soldier trying to crawl with the help of his arms.Graham does not spare the viewers the horrors of war but in the process feminists feel that he is passing a comment on the insignificance of women by keeping completely silent about their role Women are virtually absent from Private Ryan, and they appear only in a soft-focus montage of breasts and lapping waves (Goldstein). These are some of the aspects your Saving Private Ryan essay can touch on.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Impact E-Commerce in business world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impact E-Commerce in business world - Essay Example It saves time, offers freedom of choice and lower prices. E commerce has lately expanded to accommodate operations that include the sale and purchase of information along with the goods and services. In this paper, we shall see how to impact Electronic commerce in Business world. E-commerce has shown tremendous growth in products that make part of daily collection and consumers normally waste a lot of money on them. This is due to the proliferation of Internet stores and shopping, which is growing daily on the Internet. The possibilities are launching high efficiency and successful company linked in the work of electronic commerce on the Internet by adding a good promotion. E-Commerce refers to: business trading with other business on the internet (Dumitrache, 2010). In 2010, Dumitrache showed that E- Commerce can be categorized as: Business-to-consumer, in which E-Commerce concerns sales between supplier and retail customer Business-to-Business, in which E-commerce concerns sales be tween companies Business-to-government refers to sales between companies and government organizations Consumer-to-consumer refers to sales between private individuals or consumer. Other categories are business-to-employer and customer-to-business. The electronic commerce applications are mainly used because of such advantages as reduced transaction cost, increased flow of goods and services, improved level of customer service, close coordination enabled among manufacturers, suppliers, and customers and international market accessibility (Dumitrache, 2010). A lot of companies use internet to carry out business in which they sell or buy products and offer customer services. E-commerce, E-business and E-trading are teams that describe business on the internet. E-business provides companies with the opportunity to display their products and services to consumers all over the world. This offers the companies an opportunity to maximize their sales and hence profits. Electronic commerce ma intains effective communication with intermediary, collaborators and customers, which develops an effective way to exchange information with other firms. Electronic commerce is an excellent opportunity for companies that want to get advantage of the goods and services by other companies. The Internet provides users with a valuable means of communication and is a growing source of information that can help people make decisions (for example, where to find information and advice about running the business or the latest developments in technology and which products to buy) (Bauer, Nemcova, & Dvorak, 2010). E- Commerce Solutions (Bauer, Nemcova, & Dvorak, 2010). When any company or firm plans to develop the business using internet, it needs to do the following: Produce an e-business plan. Prepare to trade on the Internet. Monitor the success of the website and e-trading activities. Importance of these factors has grown with the global economic crisis as we know it now. You will need to gather information from many different places to develop your business using the Internet. This could include: Market research, customer and staff surveys, and the views of your suppliers Research into what similar businesses are doing with the Internet in the CZ and abroad Research into the laws relating to e-trading Information about how you currently sell and market the business and how this could be translated into a website Agreements with people and contracts for technical needs, following up enquiries and orders Advice from outside

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Health Care Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Care - Research Paper Example Mainly, this assumed racial lines meant to marginalize the nonwhites thus denying some practitioners chance to enjoy the institution’s services if they so wished. Due process in most instances aligns well with the certain judicial decisions contrary to the stare decisis whereby the latter owing to the verdicts arrived at earlier; do not accommodate any alterations (Mitchell, 2011). This is especially in occasions when the court might feel the decisions made did not have viable justifications, hence entail rectifications. Due process’ verdicts draw their conclusion from the judicial considerations though in certain circumstances may prompt judges to incline to its demands. i. The Social Security Act (1965)’s legislation led to the improvement of both the aging and poor people’s healthcare through the provision of insurance (Winston, 1965). This was via the creation of Medicare besides Medicaid, which yielded to the augmenting of former policies effectiveness (Winston, 1965). The ratification of this Act sought to avail affordable healthcare especially to the poor after Truman waged a series of intense debates meant to establish national insurance plan (Loker, 2012). ii. Enactment of Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (1986) that enabled people to receive immediate medical attention without the practitioners considering an individual’s ability to cater for the services (Kochakian, 2012). It also entailed medical centers to handle patients to the extent one on release has recuperated fully, and can make informed decisions (Cassanego, 2010). The government in passing this act aimed at availing healthcare services to the public without first inquiring any pay especially during times of catastrophes (Cassanego, 2010). iii. Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (2003) ratification created subsidized dispensing of drugs especially to the aging (Larsen & Lubkin, 2009). Since,

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Perception and Reality Essay Example for Free

Perception and Reality Essay ?Introduction This paper will attempt to argue against the common misconceptions about reality and perception. It will try to explain that perception and reality are interconnected, and that our five human senses are not the sole basis of reality, they are just instrumental to am additional process of perception that will bring the truth in our lives. This paper will briefly discuss the historical progression of human apprehension of the world he exists in. From Plato to Quantum Physics, the paper will clearly show how our perception can change the way we view the world. Admittedly this topic is broad and the paper could not possibly cover all its aspects. The paper will only focus wherein it will show that the creation of our reality is significantly based on our perception, there are important aspects that were left out like the nature of consciousness and its role on perception. Although this will enhance the understanding of perception and reality, it is no longer a necessity for this concept to be elaborated further. Some citations and explanations are self evident; other examples are very technical, if the reader would like to have a further understanding of the cited examples, a different reference might be needed. I. What is Reality? â€Å"What is real? How do you define real? If youre talking about what you can hear, what you can smell, taste and fee, then real is simply electrical signals interpreted by your brain. † -Morpheus, The Matrix Reality in its simplest explanation is â€Å"everything that exists. † It covers everything from atoms to the stars in a faraway galaxy and everything in between, including the everyday objects we encounter. Non-material objects like thoughts and ideas, love, purpose, meaning can also be ascribed some semblance of reality to them. However, all these and everything that exists can be said to only exist because we perceived them. So if everything that exists are only objects of our perception, what is real then? More than 2000 years ago, some guy named Zeno presented a riddle that up to now baffled scientists and thinkers alike. It was called the â€Å"The Arrow Paradox. † Zeno argued that the flight of an arrow is an example of motion. He stated that in any given moment of time, the arrow is either where it is, or where it is not, if the arrow is where it is, then it is not moving, if it is where it is not, then it cannot possibly be there, the arrow can only be where it is; thus, it cannot move and is always at rest, although in different locations in space. To understand this better consider the light bulbs we usually see as Christmas decors, there is a perception that lights are running from one direction to the other, but in reality, the lights just blink on and off in a sequential pattern so as to create the illusion that it is moving. Here we have a paradox, on one hand; no one can repute what Zeno had claimed. That the arrow never moves. Logically speaking, no one has ever succeeded in disproving what he said. In other words, he was so correct in his analysis that no one can dispute them. On the other hand, our common sense will undeniably tell us that the arrow is moving, thus the paradox. This paper was not meant to present a resolution to Zeno’s riddle, (although there is a perfectly logical explanation based on our latest scientific knowledge, this paper will no longer tackle it. ) the paradox was only cited to illustrate the dilemma of human perception, that the reality based on our perception is not absolute and varies as our perspective changes. Reality will always be dependent on what we perceive and how we perceive it. II. The Nature of Perception The most common model of perception is that what we see, hear, smell, touch and feel is what is real. These are input data sensors that go straight to our brain. The brain then interprets the vibratory information to construct images that evoke ideas and emotions to name a few. These images in turn are further conceptualized by assigning meanings to these mental constructs, completing the whole process of perception. Without interpretation there is no perception, we commonly think that two different people looking at the same object would see the same thing. But it is possible that the interpretation of the brain will tell us that the two persons may not be seeing the same thing. A good example would be the case of a glass half filled with water, two persons may see the same sensory input that tells them that there is a glass and there is water in it, but if you ask them what they see, one may tell that the glass is half-full and the other may tell that the glass is half-empty. Why is this so? The sensory inputs of our perception, when it goes to the brain, are filtered by the mind. So, the way those signals or inputs are constructed inside the brain are affected by various factors. The factors that affect our perception maybe our environment, culture, upbringing, experiences, beliefs, etc. there may not be a conflict to see a single object with nothing in the background, they would surely see the same thing. But imagine seeing everything and the relata of all objects all around us all at once. It is easy to imagine now how challenging to the brain the process of perception is. However, though our naked perception is only limited, by the help of our instruments we are able to perceive a world that is totally different from what we commonly see, by the use of these devices, we were able to magnify the scale and scope of our perception. This enables us to see and imagine the worlds on both end of the spectra of the infinitely large and the infinitely small. With this capability, we were able to hold varying world views throughout our history. These world views are how we see ourselves and the world around us. It seems that for humans, bare perception and its interpretation are inseparable. Because of this, the nature of perception has an intrinsic illusory aspect, we believe that the things we see are actually what they are, although we can hold this to be relatively true, most of the time, it is not always the case. There have been some serious studies to show that the universe is nothing more than a holographic representation of the brain ( a hologram is a 3d image projected into space by the aid of lasers. ). This theory will sure shake the very foundation of our sense of reality, and if true, then the illusory nature of perception is very possible. Why? Because what we see to be real is totally different from what a holographic universe will suggest. In other words, we should always be prepared to at least accept a new world view based on the implications of the latest scientific knowledge. III. The Role of Perception in Reality The Allegory of Plato’s Cave Plato imagined humans living in an underground cave, with an opening where light enters as big as the cave a long way at the top. They’ve been there since birth, their bodies held in place by metal shackles. Their eyes are only limited to see what is in front of them because their bonds restrict them from turning their heads around. There is a fire burning behind them on higher ground. These men cannot see the fire or the objects behind them, only their shadows. The shadows are their only idea of reality. Plato suggested in his allegory that the world our senses show us is not necessarily what it seems to be, our perception can fool us into believing what is actual. A long time ago, the world was believed to be flat, by common sense, that’s what our eyes would tell us, and then later on, when men circumnavigated the world, they imagined and started to believe that the world was round, there was a change in perception, and later on, when our astronauts saw the world in outer space and satellites took pictures of the globe, they confirmed that what was previously believe that the world is flat was false. As another example, our senses will tell us that the earth is still, but actually, it spins at a specific velocity around its axis. Reality as a paradigm of our Perception To further understand the evolution of our beliefs and perception, let us discuss the various world views and beliefs human beings had throughout its history. In the Newtonian era, more than 200 years ago, the prevailing world view was that everything was mechanical and deterministic, that the world is governed and follow very specific physical laws and the that universe was made out of solid spherical objects with independent existence that interact with one another. Now this paradigm was radically altered by the discovery of Einstein’s theory of Relativity. The era of relativity told us that these objects had no independent existence of its own, that the existence of one object is dependent on the existence of another. This idea becomes clear when we try to define something. For example, what is energy? We define energy as the product of mass and motion, if you will notice, energy can only be defined by relating it to mass and motion, and the same goes with mass and motion, nothing can be defined and understood without referring to each other. By the late 20th century, when scientist began to understand quantum mechanics, a more radical world view has been realized. It was so radical because it states that objects have no cause. The subatomic particles, which are the building blocks of everything we can see, come out of nowhere randomly and spontaneously. It is so weird that people have not fully understood the implication of this new scientific discovery. Einstein who understood the implication of quantum mechanics made a comment that if quantum theory is correct, there is no objective reality at all. Today quantum theory is the most successful theory man ever conceived. And for sure for better or for worse, our perception of reality will never be the same again. The most common interpretation in the implication of quantum mechanics for example is that perception and objects are inseparable from one another. This idea further proves that perception plays a major role in our reality. IV. Perception becomes reality Perception is reality. By now, It is clear that there are levels of perception brought about by different points of views. The levels of this perception therefore have corresponding levels of reality. Using the example of a flat earth perception, imagine that you went back in time to the medieval ages and told a peasant that earth is not flat but round, what would you think he would say? He would probably gather his neighbours and a laughed at you and dismissed you as a loony. There is no way you could possibly convince these people unless you take them to a space ship and show them the world from outer space. It was so obvious to them that the world that they feel and see is flat. Another example on how we perceive objects, science will tell us that objects are composed of subatomic particles but when broken down further it was revealed that 99. 99% of it consisted of empty space, yet we perceive objects as something as a solid figure with form and colour. We are not denying that there is validity and truth to what we perceive. These examples were only to demonstrate that reality actually changes when there is a shift of a higher level of perception. In other words, there are many points of view that create our reality. It is not the case that all we can see is all that there is. It is the most common mistake to consider that the limit of our perception is the limit of all that can be perceived. The human mind and its ability to perceive is very limited and it can only comprehend a tiny fraction of what is really out there. The false sense of confidence and the high regard we uphold our beliefs actually obscures us to perceive reality as clear as it can be. An open mind, especially on the area of beliefs on our world, shaped about by our limited perception, can be very useful in shattering even the most persistent illusions we hold about the world and ourselves. There is a serious and profound consequence to our perceptions being influenced by our reality and of held reality influenced and altered by our new way of perceiving things. To understand the dynamic relationship between the two is great advantage. V. Conclusion Phenomenal reality is personal truths brought about by one’s beliefs and ideas about the world. Each one of us tends to think we see things as they actually are. that we are objective, but this is not the case. We see the world not as it is, but as we are – or how we are conditioned to see it. Our behaviors, attitudes, mindsets and relationship towards the world and other people are profoundly affected by how we perceive things. A case of a believer of a particular religion who held a particular belief system that there is only one god and it’s his god is the true one god, then tends to treat others’ beliefs as false. These attitudes rather convinced the believer that those people are ignorant and are being deceived by their own religion. Worse, he is also very inclined to consider these poor people as something inferior. Now, imagine that human beings can believe that there is only one God, manifested in many ways, and in various belief systems. Imagine the implications of this new way of perceiving things, instead of focusing on endless arguments brought about by their differences, they can acknowledge and tolerate each other’s beliefs. The energy and resources that is used once to affirm, protect and propagate their faiths are now available to to spend in truly worthwhile activities that will truly uplift the human conditions. Imagine the peace and harmony brought about by focusing on shared similarities rather that difference. There is a great potential for this new world view. Our latest knowledge in science, our knowledge in philosophy and religion are already here to tell us that we are one, all that is needed is a â€Å"shift† of perception and we can create a world where everyone can truly live in prosperity. Whether collectively or in a personal level, we are responsible for our lives, we create our reality based on our perception. What is important is what we are conscious about. It is my contention that raising or even changing one’s level of perception gives him the ability to create a life with quality. For better or for worse, perception makes or breaks us. â€Å"When he approaches the light his eyes will be dazzled, and he will not be able to see anything at all of what are now called realities He will require to grow accustomed to the sight of the upper world. And first he will see the shadows best, next the reflections of men and other objects in the water, and then the objects themselves; then he will gaze upon the light of the moon and the stars and the spangled heaven Last of he will be able to see the sun. † —Plato, The Republic.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

The First World War and Womens Suffrage in Britain Essay -- Womens R

Outline A. Plan of Investigation B. Summary of Evidence C. Evaluation of Sources D. Analysis Works Cited A. Plan of Investigation The 19th century was an important phase for feminism in Britain. The suffrage movement began as a struggle to achieve equal rights for women in 1872. Women then became active in their quest for political recognition, which they finally obtained in 1928. This investigation assesses the question: To what extent did the First World War lead to the accomplishment of the women’s suffrage movement of Britain in 1928? Two of the sources used in the essay, The Women’s Suffrage: a short history of a great Movement by Millicent Garrett Fawcett, and The cause: a short history of the women's movement in Great Britain By Ray Strachey, are evaluated for their origin, purpose, value and limitations. This investigation will consider the role of women before, during, and after the war. B. Summary of Evidence The Women’s national movement, in the United Kingdom began in 1792, in response to female oppression and lack of rights. (Strachey, 12) The female society had narrow and futile lives, (Fawcett, 13) women had no place in national politics, and they were absolute to men and had no real standing of their own. (Fawcett, 15) Their justification of existence was to be wives, child bearers, and daughters of men. (Strachey, 16) For example, in 1832 the word ‘male’ was introduced instead of ‘person’ in the Reform act, showing the discrimination of females in the society. (Rover, 84) Women faced a bitter reality, thus sought ‘Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity† as claimed by Mary Wollstonecraft, whose book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, expresses the feminist ideal and claim for human righ... ... Suffragettes: the Women's Social and Political Union, 1903-1918. Madison [N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1999. Print. †¢ "Millicent Garrett Fawcett: Biography." Spartacus Educational. Web. 9 Dec. 2011. . †¢ "Ray Strachey: Biography." Spartacus Educational. Web. 09 Dec. 2011. . †¢ Bourke, Joanna. "Women on the Home Front in World War One." BBC News. BBC. Web. 15 Sept. 2011. . †¢ Rover, Constance. Women's Suffrage and Party Politics in Britain, 1866-1914. SPH, 1967. Print. †¢ Strachey, Ray. Cause: a Short History of the Women's Movement in Great Britain. London: Virago, 1988. Print. †¢ Pugh, Martin. Women and the Women's Movement in Britain, 1914-1999. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000. Print.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Hypocrisy in Catcher in the Rye Essay

Holden Caulfield is one of the most hypocritical characters in literature. He spends the entire book complaining about all of the ‘phonies’ around him when in truth he is one of the biggest phonies of all. Throughout the novel, there are many events where Holden exemplifies his hypocrisy. There are three primary examples. Holden first displays hypocrisy when he met Earnest Morrow’s mother on the train on his way to New York. Also, when he speaks about Stradlater’s sexual advances and his own. Finally, excellent examples of Holden’s hypocritical actions are the several times he goes to the bars while in New York. Holden boarded a late train to New York where an attractive older woman chose to sit right next to him instead of any of the other seats in the cart. The woman noticed Holden had a Pencey Prep sticker on his suitcase and asked if he went there and if he knew her son, Ernest Morrow. Holden says yes and the woman was very happy and sweet. However, Holden truly exemplifies his own personal phoniness when she asks him what his name was. Holden quickly said, ‘Rudolf Schmidt,’ who was actually the janitor at Pencey. Holden then started, â€Å"shooting the old crap around a little bit† (Salinger 71). Holden told some of the most absurd lies to Mrs. Morrow about her son. He referred to Ernest like they were good friends when he said, † Old Ernie† He’s one of the most popular boys at Pencey† (73). Then Holden † Really started chucking the old crap around† (73). Holden then starts telling lies about the class elections and how a bunch of kids wanted old Ernie to be president, and that he was the unanimous vote, and how he thought he’d really be able to handle the job (Salinger 74). Meanwhile, when Holden thinks about Ernest Morrow, he referred to him as â€Å"doubtless the biggest bastard that ever went to Pencey, in the whole crumby history of the school† (71). This alone shows how even though Holden has a problem with people who are fake to him; he has no problem being fake to other people. Also, when Mrs. Morrow asks why he is leaving Pencey early, he lies once again and says he is going for an operation on a brain tumor. This one quick event in the novel shows how Holden doesn’t recognize his own absurd hypocrisy and creates double tandards for him and others without any regard to what he is actually doing. At Pencey, Holden has a roommate named Stradlater, whom Holden thinks is a promiscuous jerk that has a very easy time getting girls. In the beginning of the story, Holden complains about Stradlater calling him names such as a sexy bastard because of the way he uses girls so loosely and freely for his own sexual pleasures. However, Holden later contradicts himself when he becomes ‘a little horny’; he decides to call a girl named Faith Cavendish. Holden has never met Faith but had heard of her at a party from one of his friends. Holden called her because his friend told him that she didn’t mind having sex with people just for fun. This directly goes back to what he says about Stradlater creating yet another double standard between him and others. This example of hypocrisy from Holden truly shows his disregard for his opinions on other people and how they compare to his own actions. Holden furthers his phoniness when he accepts an offer for a prostitute to visit him in his room. Although he did not use the prostitute for sex and instead tries to talking to her, he still shows how he doesn’t realize that what he is doing is actually becoming the image of a man he detested. Another significant example of Holden’s phoniness can be seen several times in the novel when he goes to bars to try to pick up women and drink whiskey. Holden loves his smart, younger sister phoebe, and his perfect, diseased brother, Allie, because they haven’t grown up or lost their innocence. Holden loves little kids but doesn’t like adults because they’re all phonies to him. Holden also doesn’t like the idea of women or anything sexual. That is why he wants to be â€Å"the catcher in the rye† (224). Holden’s personality shows that he is terrified of growing up and that he wants to maintain his innocence as long as possible, yet he constantly tries to keep the image of an older, suave man in order to get women and alcohol at the bars. Instead of maintaining his innocence, he desperately tries to look older in order to get alcohol and in one case pick up several women, completely disregarding his morals. One of Holden’s biggest judgments of people is if they’re a phony or not. Holden thinks that adults, movies, and anything mainstream is phony. He doesn’t like his brother D. B. because he went out to Hollywood to write movies and that makes him a phony. Holden also thinks religion is phony, but yet he loves Jesus. Holden accuses just about everything in the world around him as being phony, but in actuality, Holden is the biggest phony of all. He is very hypocritical of people and things. He claims he hates the movies but yet whenever a new one comes out, he must go see it, and he doesn’t like religion but yet when he visits nuns, he likes them a lot and doesn’t think they’re phonies. Holden is a hypocrite throughout the entire book but never admits to being a phony himself. As a reader, this makes it quite difficult to trust Holden. Since Holden is our narrator, all of the people he mentions are views of them through his opinion, and since he isn’t trustworthy, the reader has to be doubtful of the information Holden gives. Some might argue that Holden just likes to lie. Holden Caulfield is one of the biggest hypocritical characters in literature.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Electronic Health Record Essay

The electronic health record also known as the EHR, has transformed the world of health care and documentation as we know it. An electronic health record is a â€Å" computer-based data warehouse or repository of information regarding the health status of a client, which is replacing the former paper-based medical record; it is the systematic documentation of a client’s health status and health care in a secured digital format , meaning that is can be processed, stored, transmitted, and accessed by authorized interdisciplinary professionals for the purpose of supporting efficient, high-quality health care across the client’s healthcare continuum† (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015). Electronic health records has been an idea since the 1980’s but there was not a big push for use until President Bush made his union address in January 2004. He pushed for most Americans to have access to their electronic health records by 2014 (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015). There are many benefits to the EHR that helps the patients, nurses, and other medical staff. There are also some concerns that have arisen as well. Overall the EHR, has been a positive change for the healthcare system as a whole. There are several advantages of the EHR not only for the healthcare worker but also for the patient. With EHR there is an increased quality of care due to the amount of information at hand from every available medical source. With this patients have more faster and efficient medical diagnosis and treatments (Spring, 2008). There is also more convenient data history that includes labs, medications, vaccination records, and medical tests that can be shared between physicians the patient is seeing (Electronic Health Record, 2014). This gives an overall better picture of the patient’s health as a whole. As with any advantages there is always some disadvantages.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

T.V the Greatest Invention Ever essays

T.V the Greatest Invention Ever essays The Great and Secret Show Television while not the greatest invention of the century has managed to make itself the most prevalent and powerful. Television has become not just a means of entertainment, but has become the chronicler of our times, the shaper of it. Mass media has proved itself the single greatest weapon, instrument of our age. It wins the war of hearts and minds. For more on this click here. I tend to as a whole see serious problems with mass media, how more and more the "truth" is brought to us by fewer and fewer companies. How more and more our choices are being made for us, our options distilled to us. Over 20 people ran for mayor in the last Baltimore City Election only three got any airtime, only three were distilled to the people as true contenders. An election before the election, where the media decides for you the eligibility of candidates. Needless to say the candidates without airtime were disadvantaged, they became non-entities, and whether their message was good or bad we'll never know. We'll never know. Democracy is not supposed to work like that. This is why the public needs greater access to mass media, to protect their rights, and as a counterpoint to corporate interests. I believe public access channels is a right, and it should be implemented better than it is, true across the board visibility alongside the commercial channels, we should have public access over the air, via cable, via satellite, digital spectrums should have been given to the public, rather than given away to corporations. I think when our age is weighed and the times are judged, we'll see that the loss of those digital channels will be the true crime of our age, the gross and blatant robbery of the American people, and our representatives, those who were supposed to defend our rights, and our liberties, rolled over like dogs for a bone. That having been said I believe television when done right can do so much good. It can bri ...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Listen to the Radio in French is Écouter la Radio

Listen to the Radio in French is Écouter la Radio Mistakes will always be made in French, and now you can learn from them. The verb  Ãƒ ©couter  does not need a preposition to connect it to the next word. So when youre listening to the radio or anything else in French, you would not add a preposition, as you would in English:      Jà ©coute la radio.   Im listening to the radio.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il aime à ©couter les discours. He likes listening to speeches.  Ã‚     Ãƒâ€°coutez la voix de la sagesse. Listen to the voice of reason.     Elle va te faire à ©couter un chanson.   Shes going to play you a song.       Verbs and Prepositions: To Add or Not To Add Many French verbs do need a preposition such  as or de- by far the most common- to connect them to the next verb and complete their meaning. Its this way in English, too; consider to look at and to take care of. But many of the most common French verbs, such as aller, croire, faire, falloir, penser, pouvoir, sentir, savoir, venir, voir and vouloir,  do not need a preposition at all and are usually in constructions that go directly from conjugated verb to infinitive or conjugated verb to direct object: no preposition   infinitive no preposition   direct object The confusion arises for English-language speakers when the prepositions required for French verbs are not the same as the ones required by their English equivalents, or when some verbs that require a preposition in English dont take one in French, and vice versa. couter Doesnt Need a Preposition Écouter  is one of those French verbs that are  not followed by a preposition whereas their English equivalents are.   The explanation? The French verb à ©couter means to listen to, which cancels the need to add another preposition. Beginners often mistakenly add after à ©couter, in effect saying to listen to to something. And that is a classic French learners mistake. Some French learners find it helpful to memorize lists of verbs by the prepositions they require, while others prefer a master list of  alphabetized verbs. Additional Resources How to Use French verbs with and without prepositions  Ã‚  List of correct prepositions that follow French verbs, if anyMost common French prepositionsFrench infinitives

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Influence of Confucianism on the Han Dynasty Essay

Influence of Confucianism on the Han Dynasty - Essay Example Confucianism became quite popular under the Han dynasty and influenced it greatly in terms of politics, history, education, law, and the role of women. According to Spodek, Confucianism influenced politics in the Han dynasty by changing the hierarchy of power within society. In a Confucian society, scholars were the most powerful, â€Å"followed by farmers, artisans, and merchants†(Spodek). In this new hierarchy, scholars had the most influence over how the Han empire ran on a day to day basis. Confucianism also had a great impact on history and its importance within the Han dynasty. According to Spodek, court historians were utilized in a much greater capacity than in previous dynasties. This change was due to the fact that Confucianism emphasized the â€Å"importance of tradition and continuity†(Spodek, 2006). This emphasis, therefore, dictated that histories should be documented more frequently and carefully. Education and law were other areas that were especially influenced by Confucianism. Within the Han dynasty, special schools were set up to teach Confucian principles(Spodek, 2006). Spodek states that â€Å"the emperor declared that the knowledge of Confucian classics would be a basis for promotion in the imperial civil service†(Spodek, 2006). This was a significant change as before the shift to Confucianism, only the aristocracy was really brought into the imperial civil service(Spodek, 2006). Law also changed as Confucian scholars were given the power to change and inform the laws within the Han dynasty in order to reflect Confucian principles(Spodek, 2006). Lastly, the role of women was influenced by Confucianism. According to Spodek, Confucianism taught that women were inferior and should dedicate themselves to serving men such as their brothers, fathers, and husbands(Spodek, 2006). Confucianism established the way women should behave in that they were seen as subservient to the males within their society.